Tolash

Pieces of wood that are carved and cut with tools.

Soran

1. It is one of the four dialects of the Kurdish language; 2. They are part of the Kurds who live between the Great and the Little Zab Rivers in Kurdistan, like Ruandz and its surroundings. Their dialect is called Soran or Central Kurmanji; 3. A vast area in Kurdistan; This name has now replaced the name of the Diyana area.

Chazan

1. Sage, physician; 2. Scientist; 3. Knowledgeable; 4. An expert, a person who knows how to treat illness and pain.

Zarin

Crying out loud.

Tirgaran

A village in the north of Sna (Sanandaj).

Adar

Adar month in Assyrian, March. See the word "Ad".

Erarto

A group of the ancient race of the Medes.

Atrodat

This is a Madian name and was the name of one of the famous Madians in the pre-Achaemenid period. However, Mohammad Sadiq Mirza says, in his book on Kurds and his plundered History: “Atrodat is a legendary name that the historian Ctesias chose for the father of Cyrus Achaemenid", which his weak point is he received from the written texts of the Persian empire, or from the language of the people heard it.

Qars/ Ghars

1. Angry; 2. A city and area in North Kurdistan.

Mana

1. Expression, intention in speech or writing; 2. Meaning; 3. Similar; 4. In the Avesta, it means Lord; 5. They were an ancient Kurdish tribe that lived down the Urmia Sea, and then when they came to power, they moved their capital to the city of Ziviyeh or Izirtu, 50 kilometers from Saqqez. The oldest state in East Kurdistan was the Mannaite state, which was the first unified state in the region and had a large military power and economic capacity to stand against the Assyrians and the Urartus. Its history dates back to the beginning of the first millennium and the end of the second millennium BC, when the Aryans came from the northeast to the west. The Manas were part of the union of the Loloi and Gothic tribes that separated from the Zagros Mountains, and their territory covered the area east of Lake Urmia to the southwest of the Caspian Sea, especially between Maragha to Saqqez and Bokan. Rosa I, the first king of the Urartus, captured 22 fortresses or 22 cities in his attack on the Mannaeans, but Sargon, the second king of Assyria, returned from Rwandz and Haji Omeran to Piranshahr and Sindus from 715 to 716 BC From Indraqash and Qumqala of Mahabad to Miandoab, he reached Shiz, the fireplace of Azer Gushasp, and then went to Sayinqala (Shahin dezh), which was then called Awkan. There, he brutally destroyed the Mannaites, but they remained intact until the Medes conquered their land; According to the English Encyclopedia, the Mannaeans were surrounded by three great powers of their time: Assyria, Urartus, and Medes, but after the invasion of the Sakaeans and the emergence of Medes in the seventh century BC, they lost their identity and came under the rule of the Medes. The greatest enemy of the Mannas was the Assyrian state, which was later conquered by the Medes. See the two words manai and manian.