The twenty-first century brought an increase in global attention to the so-called Kurdish issue, which usually refers to the unsolved conflict between the Kurdish population and the officially existing states in which they live: Turkey, Iraq, Iran and Syria. The main areas of conflict are the disputed territories, called Kurdistan by the Kurds, and the right to determine the future of its inhabitants. The Kurdish identity and policy shaping the currents of the ‘Kurdish issue’ have become focal points for many scholars, politicians and journalists. Although it connects with the history of the conflict, this book proposes a different approach to the ‘Kurdish issue’. It presents the reality of Kurdistan as a dynamic and creative space, reconsidering the cultural heritage, identities and interrelations of different ethnic and religious groups.