The Anazids were one of the Kurdish ruling dynasties that ruled over a large geographical area in western Iran during Seljuk time between 381 and 511 AH (991 and 1117 AD) for about 130 years. The most important point of their rule was that at the beginning of the fifth century AH, as the Seljuk Turks expanded their rule towards western Iran, the geography of the Anazids' rule coincided with the expansionist goal of the Seljuk Turks that they should be down or follow the Seljuk rule.
The name of the Anazids family is recorded in most sources as Bani Anaz, Bani Ayar, and even Bani Anan. In the book, “Al-Madan al-Kurdiya”, each of the names “Anaz” and “Anan” is used to introduce this rule. In some other sources they are called the tribe of Abu Shawk and in the book "History of Diyalama and Ghaznavids", they are called the dynasty of Banu Anas.
In the early fourth century AH, they established the political foundation of their power and conquered areas such as Kermashan, Holwan (Qasr-e Shirin), northern Lorestan, Sharazur, and Samghan (called Yamian in Persian, an area near the borders of Tabaristan in northern Iran). Before the Seljuk Turkish campaign, the Anazids had good relations with the time ruler of Iran, Ali Buya, and were their tributaries.
The first ruler of the Anazids was Abul Fath Muhammad ibn Anaz of the Kurdish "Shazanjan" tribe, who established his rule in Holwan in 991 AD and was succeeded by his son Abu Shawk Faris, also known as "Hisamuddawla". He succeeded his father and destroyed the rule of the Hasnawi dynasty by killing "Tahir son of Hilal Barzikani", the last ruler of the Hasnawi Kurdish dynasty.
Along with the Seljuk campaign against Hamadan in 1038 AD, they raided Asadabad and Dinavar and began to kill the people. "Abul Fath son of Abu Shawk Anazi" got the rule of dinawar from his father captured the Seljuk Turks of Ghoz and some of them, which greatly enhanced Abu Shawk's reputation so that he was given the title of Hisamuddawla by the Abbasid Caliph and golden sword.
Abul Fath, son of Abu Shawk’s pluralism, occupied the castles of his uncle |Muhalhal|. From then on, the relationship between Abu Shawk and his brother "Muhalhal" became strained. Although he tried to help his son, Abul Fath, he was not successful and finally died in Sirwan Castle.
Abu Shawk had a brother named Amir Surkhab (Sohrab) and a son named Su'di. On the one hand, Su'di fought with his uncle Muhalhal in revenge for his brother, while his other uncle, Amir Surkhab, invaded the areas under Su'di's rule and so the Anazaid’s reign grew weaker. On the other hand, Amir Surkhab arrested and imprisoned Su'di, and his relations with the army under his command were full of treachery, oppression, and tyranny; he was arrested by the Kurds of his army and handed over to Ibrahim Yanal, brother of Togrel, the founder of the Seljuk state. Ibrahim Yanal offered to release Su'di, but Amir Surkhab refused, so Ibrahim Yanal hated him and removed one of his eyes.
While Amir Surkhab was in Ibrahim Yanal's prison, his son Abu Askar released Su'di from prison against his father's decision and asked Su'di to try to free Amir Surkhab from Ibrahim Yanal; however, they did not succeed until Muhalhal, the brother of Amir Surkhab and Abu Shawk, asked Togril, Ibrahim's elder brother and the then king of Iran. Finally, by order of Togrel, Amir Surkhab was released and went to the "Mahaki" area under the Anazids' rule.
Su'di again reorganized his army, wealth, and power to take revenge on his uncle Muhalhal and was able to capture him and his territories, but later his cousin Badr son of Muhalhal took revenge and arrested Su'di.
Thus, the conflict and separation completely weakened the "Anazi" state and caused a lot of complications.
Finally, in 1081 AD, another descendant of Anazi, Surkhab son of Badr son of Muhalhal, known as Abul Fawaris, was appointed to rule the region of Sharazur, along with Shah Borkyaroq, the prince of Sultan Maliksha Seljuk, the most famous Seljuk sultan, becomes an ally.
After a while, the Turkmen invaded Sharazur and began to kill the people. However, Abul Fawaris, known in history as a skilled, generous, and ambitious emir, helped people, gave them many houses, and rebuilt their cities and places of residence. In 1106 AD, Abul Fawaris died and was succeeded by his brother Abu Mansur son of Badr, who was famous for goodness and expertise in power. Abu Mansour's life ended in 1117 AD, ending the 130-year rule of the Anazids.
